Where does it hurt?
What musculoskeletal conditons do I treat? Browse conditions by body region and learn how to fix them.
Ankle & foot
The ankle and foot are intricate structures crucial for mobility, comprising numerous bones, joints, ligaments, and tendons. Musculoskeletal injuries in this area, such as sprains, fractures, or tendonitis, are common and can significantly impair movement and daily activities.
Lower leg pain
Lower leg pain, localized between the knee and ankle, can result from various causes including muscle strains, shin splints, stress fractures, or nerve impingements.
Calf pain
Calf pain, situated at the back of the leg just below the knee, can be caused by muscle strains, Achilles tendonitis, or even vascular issues.
Pain in the achilles region
Achilles region pain, located at the back of the ankle and heel, is primarily associated with Achilles tendon injuries, such as tendonitis or ruptures. These conditions can result from overuse, sudden movements, or degenerative changes.
Acute ankle injuries
Acute ankle injuries, often resulting from sudden twists, falls, or impacts, can cause immediate pain, swelling, and instability in the ankle joint. These injuries commonly involve ligament sprains, fractures, or tendon strains.
Ankle pain
Ankle pain, a common symptom, can stem from various causes including sprains, fractures, arthritis, or tendonitis. This discomfort often leads to limited mobility and can significantly impact daily activities.
Foot pain
Foot pain, a prevalent issue affecting people of all ages, can result from conditions such as plantar fasciitis, bunions, or metatarsalgia. This discomfort is often exacerbated by running, walking or even simply standing.
Knee
The knee, being a vital hinge joint in the human body, is highly susceptible to musculoskeletal injuries due to its complex structure involving bones, ligaments, tendons, and cartilage. These injuries, often caused by trauma, overuse, or degenerative conditions, can result in pain, swelling, and reduced mobility.
Acute knee injuries
Acute knee injuries, caused by sudden trauma, result in immediate pain, swelling, and limited mobility.
Anterior knee pain
Anterior knee pain refers to discomfort localized at the front of the knee, often caused by overuse, muscle imbalance, or injury, and is a common complaint among individuals of all ages.
Lateral, medial & posterior knee pain
Lateral, medial, and posterior knee pain refer to discomfort experienced on the outer, inner, and back areas of the knee, respectively, often arising from specific injuries, overuse, or underlying medical conditions.
Hip
The hip, a large and intricate ball-and-socket joint, is crucial for mobility and stability, but it is also susceptible to various musculoskeletal injuries. These injuries, ranging from strains and bursitis to fractures and osteoarthritis, can cause pain, limited movement, and discomfort.
Anterior hip pain
Anterior hip pain refers to discomfort experienced at the front of the hip joint and is often caused by conditions such as hip flexor strains, arthritis, or labral tears.
Lateral hip pain
Lateral hip pain, occurring on the outer side of the hip, is commonly associated with conditions like trochanteric bursitis, iliotibial band syndrome, or hip abductor tendonitis.
Posterior hip pain (buttock pain)
Posterior hip pain, located at the back of the hip joint, can stem from various causes such as sciatica, piriformis syndrome, or sacroiliac joint dysfunction.
Lower back
The lower back, a critical component of the spine, is prone to various musculoskeletal injuries that can lead to pain and reduced functionality. Conditions such as herniated discs, muscle strains, or spinal stenosis can contribute to lower back pain, emphasizing the significance of accurate diagnosis and targeted interventions to alleviate discomfort and improve the overall well-being of individuals affected by these injuries.
LBP with specific pathology
Lower back pain (LBP) with specific pathology refers to discomfort caused by identifiable structural issues such as herniated discs, spinal fractures, or degenerative conditions. This type of LBP requires precise diagnosis through imaging and specialized assessments, allowing for targeted treatment strategies such as sports therapy, medications, or surgical interventions to address the underlying pathology and alleviate pain.
Non-specific LBP
Non-specific lower back pain (LBP) is a common musculoskeletal condition characterized by discomfort in the lumbar region without a clear identifiable structural cause. While the exact origin may be elusive, non-specific LBP often involves a combination of factors such as muscle strain, poor posture, and lifestyle choices, prompting the need for holistic approaches including exercise, pain management, and ergonomic adjustments for effective relief and prevention.
Upper back & ribs
The upper back and ribs constitute a complex region of the spine susceptible to various musculoskeletal injuries, including strains, vertebral fractures, and rib fractures. These injuries can result from trauma, poor posture, or degenerative conditions, underscoring the importance of accurate diagnosis and targeted interventions to alleviate pain, restore function, and prevent long-term complications in this crucial area of the musculoskeletal system.
Upper back
The upper back, also known as the thoracic spine, is a crucial section of the spine located between the cervical and lumbar regions. Musculoskeletal issues in the upper back, including strains, herniated discs, or vertebral fractures, can lead to pain and diminished mobility, emphasizing the importance of accurate diagnosis and tailored interventions for effective management and rehabilitation.
Ribs
The ribs form a protective cage around vital organs and play a crucial role in the respiratory system. Musculoskeletal issues involving the ribs, such as fractures or strains, can result in significant pain and discomfort, requiring accurate diagnosis and targeted treatments to promote healing and restore normal function in this integral part of the thoracic region.
Neck
The neck, or cervical spine, is a vital and flexible part of the spine, susceptible to various musculoskeletal injuries that can lead to pain and reduced range of motion. Conditions such as whiplash, herniated discs, or cervical strains may affect this region, necessitating accurate diagnosis and targeted interventions to alleviate discomfort and restore optimal function.
Cervicogenic headache
Cervicogenic headaches are a distinct type of headache originating from structural issues in the cervical spine, such as arthritis, disc degeneration, or muscle tightness. These headaches often manifest as pain that radiates from the neck to the head, emphasizing the importance of accurate diagnosis and targeted treatments focused on addressing the underlying cervical spine pathology for effective headache management.
Acute wry neck
Acute wry neck, also known as torticollis, is a sudden onset of neck pain and stiffness, often accompanied by the involuntary tilting or turning of the head. This condition can result from muscle spasms, joint dysfunction, or injury, requiring prompt evaluation and appropriate interventions, such as stretches, medications, or sports therapy, for effective relief and restoration of normal neck mobility.
Cervical nerve injury
Cervical nerve injury refers to damage or compression of nerves in the neck region, leading to symptoms such as pain, tingling, or weakness that may radiate into the arms or shoulders. Causes include herniated discs, trauma, or conditions like cervical radiculopathy, necessitating accurate diagnosis and targeted treatments to address the specific nerve involvement and alleviate associated symptoms for improved neck and upper extremity function.
Shoulder
The shoulder, a highly mobile joint, is susceptible to a range of musculoskeletal injuries involving the bones, muscles, tendons, and ligaments. Conditions such as rotator cuff tears, shoulder impingement, or dislocations can cause pain and limit function, underscoring the importance of precise diagnosis and tailored interventions for effective management and rehabilitation.
Rotator cuff pathology
Rotator cuff pathology refers to a group of conditions affecting the muscles and tendons that make up the rotator cuff in the shoulder. These pathologies, including tears, tendonitis, or impingement, often lead to pain, weakness, and limited range of motion, necessitating accurate diagnosis and targeted treatments such as physical therapy, medications, or in some cases, surgical intervention for optimal recovery.
Glenohumeral instability
Glenohumeral instability involves a disruption in the normal stability of the shoulder joint, often resulting from ligament or labral injuries. This condition can lead to recurrent dislocations or subluxations, causing pain and functional impairment, and typically requires careful assessment and tailored interventions, such as physical therapy or surgical procedures, to restore shoulder stability and prevent further instability episodes.
Biceps related pathology
Biceps-related pathology encompasses various conditions affecting the biceps muscle and tendon in the arm, such as tendonitis, tears, or biceps tendon instability. These issues can cause pain, weakness, or a bulging sensation in the upper arm, emphasizing the need for accurate diagnosis and targeted treatments, ranging from conservative approaches like rest and physical therapy to surgical interventions, for effective management and restoration of arm function.
Posterior shoulder stiffness (GIRD)
Posterior shoulder stiffness, often referred to as Glenohumeral Internal Rotation Deficit (GIRD), is a condition characterized by restricted internal rotation of the shoulder joint. Commonly observed in overhead athletes, GIRD can result from adaptive changes in the shoulder structures, highlighting the importance of accurate diagnosis and specialized interventions, including stretching and strengthening exercises, to address the imbalance and maintain shoulder function in this specific population.
Scapular pathology and dysfunction
Scapular pathology and dysfunction involve abnormalities in the structure and movement of the shoulder blade, impacting overall shoulder function. Conditions such as scapular winging, instability, or dyskinesis can contribute to pain and impaired shoulder mechanics, necessitating precise diagnosis and targeted interventions, including exercises and physical therapy, to address the underlying issues and optimize scapular movement for improved shoulder health.
Elbow & forearm
The elbow and forearm play a crucial role in upper limb function and are susceptible to various musculoskeletal injuries. Conditions such as tennis elbow, golfer's elbow, or forearm strains can lead to pain and functional impairment, emphasizing the importance of accurate diagnosis and targeted interventions to promote healing and restore optimal function in this complex joint complex.
Lateral elbow pain
Lateral elbow pain, commonly known as tennis elbow or lateral epicondylitis, is characterized by discomfort on the outer side of the elbow, often caused by repetitive stress or overuse of the forearm extensor muscles. This condition can lead to pain and limited grip strength, requiring accurate diagnosis and appropriate interventions, such as rest, physiotherapy, or in some cases, anti-inflammatory medications, for effective pain management and recovery.
Medial elbow pain
Medial elbow pain, often referred to as golfer's elbow or medial epicondylitis, involves discomfort on the inner side of the elbow, commonly attributed to repetitive strain or overuse of the forearm flexor muscles. This condition can result in pain, weakness, and difficulty with gripping activities, highlighting the need for accurate diagnosis and targeted interventions, including rest, therapeutic exercises, or, in severe cases, medical procedures, to alleviate symptoms and facilitate recovery.
Wrist & hand
The wrist and hand, intricate structures comprising bones, ligaments, tendons, and muscles, are highly susceptible to a range of musculoskeletal injuries. Conditions such as carpal tunnel syndrome, fractures, or tendonitis can cause pain and functional limitations, emphasizing the importance of precise diagnosis and tailored interventions for optimal recovery and restoration of hand and wrist function.
Wrist pain
Wrist pain, a common complaint, can arise from various musculoskeletal conditions such as carpal tunnel syndrome, tendonitis, or fractures. Accurate diagnosis and targeted treatments, including rest, bracing, or therapeutic exercises, are essential to alleviate pain and restore functionality in the wrist, ensuring an optimal quality of life.
Hand & finger injuries
Hand and finger injuries encompass a spectrum of musculoskeletal issues ranging from fractures and dislocations to ligament strains and tendon injuries. These conditions can lead to pain, swelling, and functional impairment, necessitating accurate diagnosis and tailored interventions, including splinting, rehabilitation exercises, or surgical procedures, to optimise healing and restore normal hand and finger function.